TRANSBAIKAL REGION
Administrative center : the city of Chita, founded in 1653.
The region was formed : March 1, 2008 with the unification of the Chita region and the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug.
Geographical position The
Trans-Baikal Territory borders on the Amur and Irkutsk regions, the republics of Buryatia and Yakutia. The southern and southeastern borders of the Trans-Baikal Territory are the state border of the Russian Federation with Mongolia and the People's Republic of China.
The main rivers are Shilka and Argun. In the region there is a large system of lakes - Ivano-Arakhleiskaya. The highest point in the Trans-Baikal Territory is the BAM peak, whose height is 3073 meters.
The area of the Trans-Baikal Territory is 431,892 sq km, the population is 1.1 million people (2016).
Climatic features
The climate of the region is temperate, sharply continental, with cold winters (average January temperature -28C), and rather warm summers (average July temperature + 18C).
Winter is long (long) and harsh, with little snow, with a large number of clear days. Spring is cold, dry and windy. Summers are short and warm (sometimes hot) - dry in the first half and humid in the second. Autumn is warm.
Also a characteristic feature of the climate is a significant duration of sunshine per year. So, in Sochi, the average annual number of hours of sunshine is 2154 hours. The number of hours of sunshine in the Trans-Baikal Territory ranges from 1873 to 2592 per year, and in Borz - 2797 hours.
From 200-300 (in the south and steppe regions; 350-450 mm in mountain taiga) to 600 millimeters (in the north) precipitation falls annually, most of them fall in summer and autumn.
In the Trans-Baikal Territory, the Kalarsky, Tungiro-Olekminsky and Tungokochensky regions are equated to the regions of the Far North.
Tourist opportunities
The main reserve of the Trans-Baikal Territory is Sokhondinsky, created in 1926. It is located on the watershed of the river systems of Asia, not far from the rivers flowing into the Amur and also the Burecha River, which flows into Baikal. The reserve preserves the untouched nature of the south of Transbaikalia, a mixture of taiga and steppes. The "center" of the reserve, which gave it its name, is the extinct volcano Sokhondo. An ecological path leads to the top of the volcano, the passage along which takes a week. The trail begins in the birch forests, where you can appreciate the richness of the flora of the reserve. Then the trail begins to climb the slope of the volcano, the vegetation belts change. At the top of Sokhondo, a flat, level surface awaits you, from which a magnificent view opens. Within the boundaries of the reserve is the village of Kyra, where the ancient burials of the Scythian-Sarmatians have been preserved.
Another protected area is the Daursky Biosphere Reserve. It was formed in 1987, mainly for the protection of the bird population. The territory of the reserve is located in the steppe zone, with strong fluctuations in daily and annual temperatures. The main object of the reserve is the Torey Lakes, which are the remnants of a large lake. The reserve is home to more than 300 bird species, of which 28 are listed in the Red Book. The reserve regularly hosts ecological camps for schoolchildren, seminars, reserve days, ecological trails have been laid.
An unusual natural object - Charsky sands, literally a desert in the middle of the taiga. In the Chara Valley, between the Bolshoi and Srednii Sakukan rivers, there are dunes of clean fine sand. This is a rather inaccessible place, nevertheless, every year tourists get to Charsky Sands to swim, sunbathe and enjoy the contrast of natural zones.
Many sights are located in the capital of the region. One of the oldest museums in Siberia and the Far East is the Chita Regional Museum, in its collection there are over 180 thousand monuments of the natural history of the region, exhibits of material and spiritual culture, a collection of archeology, ethnography, one of the most interesting exhibits of the collection is the Decembrist manuscripts. It is also worth visiting the Chita Art Museum, which stores the rarest Siberian icons, examples of Russian art of the 18th century, works of artists from Siberia and the Far East.
Those who are interested in the history of the Decembrists should visit the city of Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, where 71 Decembrists were exiled from 1830 to 1839. 10 wives of the Decembrists also lived here. The Decembrist Museum was opened in the house of Princess E.I. Trubetskoy. In the museum's collections: copies of documents, watercolors, drawings of the Decembrists (the originals are kept in the archives: TsGAOR, TsGVIA, the department of manuscripts of the GBL, TsGIAL, GAIO, GACHO, the Russian Museum, in the Museum of the Institute of Russian Literature, the Hermitage, the Chita Regional Museum of Local Lore, personal collection and S. Zilberstein), furniture of the early 19th century, books used by the Decembrists, relics sent by the descendants of the Decembrists, the private collection of Yu.P. Pavlova, autographs of Siberian poets and writers.
Sights:
- State Natural Biosphere Reserve "Sokhondinsky"
- State Natural Biosphere Reserve "Daursky"
- Alkhanay National Park
- "Baysanids Lamsky Gorodok"
- Konduisky town
- Aginsky datsan (Aginskoe settlement)
- Tsugolsky datsan (Tsugol village)
- Trans-Baikal Regional Museum of Local Lore named after A.K. Kuznetsov (Chita)
- Aginsky National Museum. G. Tsybikova (Aginskoe settlement)
- Museum "Church of the Decembrists" (Chita)
- House-Museum of the Decembrists (Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky)
- Petrovsky necropolis of the Decembrists (Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky)
For more information about the region, see the Internet resources of the state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.